This analysis provides an overview of the diversity and geographic dispersion of endemic freshwater fish in the river systems of Northern Cyprus highlighting their ecological value, enduring problems, and conservation measures. Northern Cyprus is a rare habitat for the development of endemic species of fish that have specialized to survive in specific freshwater environments, as a result of its unique Mediterranean climate and isolated river systems. Morpho and Karpaz basins in the river systems host rich endemics, such as the Cypriot rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Cypriot carp (Cyprinus carpio), and several representatives of the family Cyprinidae. These fish are essential for maintaining healthy aquatic through nutrient cycling as well as forming key components of the local food webs. But these endemic species are becoming increasingly susceptible to anthropogenic pressures, including habitat disruption, water contamination-induced pollution, introduction of invasive species, and changes to water flow when dams are built. Moreover, there is also need for frequent monitoring and scientific studies to assess the health of the freshwater habitats and the present situation with the endemic species. The results highlight the urgent need to protect the dying freshwater fish species in Northern Cyprus, acknowledging its ecological value, and its cultural and economic relevance. Local participation, public funding, and involvement of environmental social groups must converge to ensure the survival of such exotic species and the future vitality of the river ecosystems of Northern Cyprus. Through the new information that this study provides, in terms of regional aquatic biodiversity, it strengthens the argument, in favor of robust conservation processes being adopted in order to sustain these ecosystems.