Understanding Flyways and Hotspots of Migratory Birds in India

Abstract

Each year, across much of the Northern Hemisphere, a substantial number of bird species migrate southward for winter and return along established routes in spring. This natural phenomenon, known as bird migration, follows specific pathways termed migratory flyways. More than 2000 bird species globally engage in migration, with some undertaking shorter, longitudinal movements or local migrations. However, numerous migratory birds confront multiple threats, leading to declines in species diversity and populations worldwide. To safeguard migratory birds, global initiatives under the United Nations and multilateral treaties have been implemented. India, a participant in the Convention on Migratory Species, actively contributes to the conservation of migratory birds. The convention's appendices list 128 avian species, with 7 species in Appendix I, 103 in Appendix II, and 18 species appearing in both. The Central Asian Flyway, linking Eurasia and the Indian Ocean via India, serves as a critical route for over 180 migratory bird species, including some facing global endangerment. Research conducted in India provides valuable insights into migratory bird behaviors and their habitats.