Analysis of Weed Distribution Patterns in Cotton Agroecosystems Using Raunkiaer’s Frequency Classes

Abstract

Raunkiaer's frequency class approach was used to perform a comparative analysis of weed distribution patterns in cotton agroecosystems in chosen regions of Shrirampur and Rahuri. The study sought to determine the floristic composition, frequency distribution, and behavior of weed species found in cotton fields under various agroecological circumstances. While phytosociological research was done between 2020 and 2022 utilizing the random quadrat sampling method, weed collecting was done between 2019 and 2025. Weed species were identified, documented, and assigned to Raunkiaer's frequency classes based on their occurrence frequency. The study found significant variance in weed flora across the two locations, suggesting changes in soil properties, irrigation strategies, and crop management systems. Comparative investigation revealed that weed infestation and species variety were higher in Rahuri than in Shrirampur, probably due to differences in moisture availability and agronomic techniques. The Raunkiaer frequency distribution pattern diverged from the expected biological spectrum, indicating ecological instability and ongoing disturbance in cotton agroecosystems. The study's findings provide useful insights into weed ecology and dispersion dynamics, which can help to build region-specific integrated weed management techniques for sustainable cotton agriculture.