Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Linum usitatissimum Seed Extracts with Potential Applications in Aquaculture

Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Linum usitatissimum (flaxseed) seed extracts using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Extracts were prepared using suitable organic solvents and subjected to GC–MS analysis, which revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including fatty acids, sterols, phenolic compounds, and tocopherols. Major constituents identified included α-linolenic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and phytosterols, which are known for their antioxidant and biological properties.

The antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using the DPPH assay, demonstrating significant free radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ value indicated strong antioxidant potential when compared with the standard ascorbic acid. The observed activity may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the identified phytochemicals.

These findings suggest that Linum usitatissimum seed extracts are a rich source of natural antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the presence of such phytoconstituents highlights their potential application in aquaculture systems as natural feed additives to enhance fish health, improve oxidative stress resistance, and support overall physiological performance.